俄亥俄州立大学在哥伦布的主校区共有19个学院、170个科（系）、超过10500门课程可供选择。大学的学期制度原本采用“学季”（Quarter）制，但从2012年秋季开始已改为学期（Semester）制。

大学设置有以下学院：

1、College of Dentistry

2、College of Education

－School of Educational Policy and Leadership

－School of Physical Activity and Educational Services

－School of Teaching and Learning

3、College of Engineering

－Austin E. Knowlton School of Architecture

4、College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences

－Agricultural Technical Institute

5、School of Natural Resources

6、College of Human Ecology

7、College of Medicine and Public Health

－School of Allied Medical Professions

－School of Biomedical Science

－School of Public Health

8、College of Nursing

9、College of Optometry

10、College of Pharmacy

11、College of Social Work

12、College of Veterinary Medicine

13、Colleges of the Arts and Sciences

－College of the Arts

－School of Music

－College of Biological Sciences

College of Mathematical and Physical Sciences

－College of Social and Behavioral Sciences

－School of Journalism and Communication

14、Graduate School

15、Max M. Fisher College of Business

16、Michael E.Moritz College of Law

17. John Glenn College Of Public Affair

分校校区：

1.The Ohio State University （Lima Campus）

2.The Ohio State University （Mansfield Campus）

3.The Ohio State University （Marion Campus）

－Delaware Center

4.The Ohio State University （Newark Campus）